1939

36 years after the first twelve seconds

Heinkel He 178 Prototype V1

The first jet

10 m · person 1.75 m · behind it, the A380 at the same scale

The story

's HeS 3 engine sucked air in at the nose, compressed it, burned fuel in it and blew it out of the tail. The flight lasted about six minutes. had filed a patent for the same idea in Britain in 1930. Within thirty years the had replaced the piston engine on almost every large aircraft.

Von Ohain built his first demonstration engine with a car mechanic, Max Hahn, and in 1936 hired them both to develop it privately, without asking the air ministry. Heinkel's test pilot flew the He 178 from the company's own airfield, five days before Germany invaded Poland.

When it was shown to officials that November, the ministry was unimpressed, and the He 178 never went into production. Britain's first jet, the Gloster E.28/39 with Whittle's engine, flew in May 1941, and the first jet fighters, Germany's Me 262 and Britain's Gloster Meteor, both entered service in 1944. The He 178 itself was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in 1943.

How it works

How the first jet breathed. Open the throttle and the impeller flings air outward, the burners set it alight, and the hot gas spins a turbine on the same shaft before it leaves the nozzle as a jet.
The whole aircraftDrag to turn it, and pinch to zoom. Pick a part to fly the camera to it.

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Specifications

Top speed
600 km/h
Wingspan
7.2 m
Max weight
2,000 kg
Ceiling
—
Range
200 km
In 12 seconds
2 km
Power
HeS 3B turbojet, 4.4 kN
101001,00010,000 km/h

Where it flew

Rostock-Marienehe, Germany

Rostock-Marienehe, Germany. The Heinkel works airfield is now industrial land on the Warnow. The simulator starts here, over today's ground and imagery of the place.

Fly it yourself

Take the Heinkel He 178 up in 3D, with its real weight, wing area and power.

A jet accelerates slowly at first. Be patient on the runway.

Where it sits in a century of speed

Top speed of every aircraft on the timeline, on a logarithmic scale, with this one marked.

101001,00010,000km/h1900192019401960198020002020 Mach 1 at altitudeWright FlyerHeinkel He 178Bell X-1North American X-15ConcordeIngenuity
3/6

Formula 1 car · ≈ 370 km/h10 of 16 aircraft here are faster than a Formula 1 car (≈ 370 km/h).

All sixteen aircraft

  1. 1903Wright Flyer
  2. 1909Blériot XI
  3. 1917Sopwith Camel
  4. 1927Spirit of St. Louis
  5. 1936Douglas DC-3
  6. 1939Heinkel He 178
  7. 1947Bell X-1
  8. 1958Boeing 707
  9. 1964SR-71 Blackbird
  10. 1967North American X-15
  11. 1969Boeing 747
  12. 1976Concorde
  13. 1989Northrop B-2 Spirit
  14. 2007Airbus A380
  15. 2011Boeing 787 Dreamliner
  16. 2021Ingenuity
Back to the timeline

Airspeed km/h
0
Mach 0000°Altitude m
0
Climb 0 m/s
Throttle0%

WS throttle↑↓ pitch←→ rollC cameraM soundR restart