1909

6 years after the first twelve seconds

Blériot XI Channel-crossing aircraft

The sea is no longer a border

10 m · person 1.75 m · behind it, the A380 at the same scale

The story

crossed the English Channel in 36 minutes with no compass, following the ships below until he saw the cliffs of Dover. The tractor propeller at the front, the single wing and the tail at the back set the layout most light aircraft still use.

Blériot had crashed or given up on a string of earlier designs before the XI, and he took off at 4:41 in the morning on a foot still bandaged from burns in an earlier flight. The Daily Mail had offered £1,000 for the first flight across the Channel; his rival had come down in the sea six days before. Blériot landed hard in a meadow below Dover Castle, where a French journalist waved a tricolour to show him the spot.

More than a hundred orders arrived within weeks, and the XI was built in hundreds for flying schools and the first air forces. In October 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, an Italian Blériot XI flew over Libya on the first reconnaissance flight made by an aeroplane in a war.

How it works

How the Blériot steered. The stick ends in a bell on a universal joint, with cables from its rim to the wings and the tail. Push the stick left and the right wing's trailing edge is pulled down, so that wing lifts and the aeroplane rolls left. The ancestor of every joystick.

Drawn for the Wright Flyer

How the Flyer rolled. Shift the hip cradle and the cables twist one pair of wingtips up and the other down, so one wing lifts more than the other.
The whole aircraftDrag to turn it, and pinch to zoom. Pick a part to fly the camera to it.

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Specifications

Top speed
76 km/h
Wingspan
7.8 m
Max weight
300 kg
Ceiling
1,000 m
Range
60 km
In 12 seconds
253 m
Power
25 hp Anzani three-cylinder
101001,00010,000 km/h

Where it flew

Calais to Dover

Les Baraques, near Calais, toward Dover. The simulator starts here, over today's ground and imagery of the place.

Fly it yourself

Take the Blériot XI up in 3D, with its real weight, wing area and power.

Cross 36 km of Channel: hold height for half an hour of real time, or just get across the field.

Where it sits in a century of speed

Top speed of every aircraft on the timeline, on a logarithmic scale, with this one marked.

101001,00010,000km/h1900192019401960198020002020 Mach 1 at altitudeWright FlyerBlériot XIBell X-1North American X-15ConcordeIngenuity
3/6

Formula 1 car · ≈ 370 km/h10 of 16 aircraft here are faster than a Formula 1 car (≈ 370 km/h).

All sixteen aircraft

  1. 1903Wright Flyer
  2. 1909Blériot XI
  3. 1917Sopwith Camel
  4. 1927Spirit of St. Louis
  5. 1936Douglas DC-3
  6. 1939Heinkel He 178
  7. 1947Bell X-1
  8. 1958Boeing 707
  9. 1964SR-71 Blackbird
  10. 1967North American X-15
  11. 1969Boeing 747
  12. 1976Concorde
  13. 1989Northrop B-2 Spirit
  14. 2007Airbus A380
  15. 2011Boeing 787 Dreamliner
  16. 2021Ingenuity
Back to the timeline

Airspeed km/h
0
Mach 0000°Altitude m
0
Climb 0 m/s
Throttle0%

WS throttle↑↓ pitch←→ rollC cameraM soundR restart